In my paper I would like to introduce the material of a test excavation conducted in the Nyírség and point out the questions arising from its material. There were features (building remains and pits) of the LTC and LTD periods found at the excavated part of the settlement. Several features of the Roman Imperial Age (and also some Bronze Age and 8th-9th cent. ones) also have been unearthed. Rich LT material can be definitely connected to the population characteristic for the region, mixed with the inhabitants of the Scythian Age. At the same time some forms of vessels (wheel-made bowls with inverted rim, wheel-made bowls with a rim widely bending out) bring the two horizons close in time, while the features of these horizons had not been dug into each other. Judging from this, we have to suggest that these features are synchronous. The question of the find material (pottery) cannot be solved unequivocally. If the material of the Imperial Age can be dated to the early period (1st-2nd cent.), then what kind of population it was brought by to this territory? May it be suggested that it was a Dacian group arriving after the Dacian campaigns known from Antique sources? Anyhow, their archaeological material cannot be identified in the finds of the left bank of the Tisza. In my opinion the territory was inhabited by Celts. At the same time we cannot exclude that starting from the earliest times up to the Late Middle Ages some small groups could arrive in our region on the only SE-NW directed road. There may have been trade relations that revived after getting acquinted with the new southern power. Another possibility is that the material of the Imperial Age is later and must be dated to the period after the Sarmatian occupation of the territory. But in this case we have to explain the presence of some handmade vessels of unusual material and the finds of Roman ceramics with gray engobe and Rädchenverzierung decoration unknown in earlier times in the archaeological material of the region. The question can be finally solved only after the excavation of a larger territory.